Kidney cancers are those arising in the lining of the tubules of the kidney, which are small tubes that transport urine. In adults, Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) is the most common type responsible for nearly 90–95% of cases.
Symptoms:
Most patients are asymptomatic and are generally diagnosed with an incidental, radiographically detected kidney mass. In others, most common presenting symptoms include blood in urine, pain or mass in the tummy, weakness, high blood pressure or elevation of calcium levels in the blood.
Diagnosis:
The best modality to establish a diagnosis is usually a scan and biopsy. Ultrasound of the tummy, CT Scan and PET CT scan can be used for diagnosis depending upon the situation. Biopsy of the kidney mass is required for all tumors that cannot be operated upon to decide on treatment. If kidney cancer can be operated, then a biopsy is generally not mandatory.
Treatment:
• For tumors localised to kidney complete surgical removal followed by surveillance is the treatment of choice.
• For cancers that have spread or metastatic, the treatment of choice is either immunotherapy or targeted therapy or both. Chemotherapy is generally not very effective and hence not recommended in the vast majority of the patients.
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