The endometrium is the womb in common terms. When there is an abnormal growth of malignant cells in the endometrium, it may form cancers.
One of the main causative agents for endometrial cancers is un-opposed exposure to female sex hormone called estrogen. Estrogen effect can be caused by obesity, hormone replacement therapy, Tamoxifen, early onset of menstruation (menarche), late onset of menopause, etc.
The signs and symptoms of endometrial cancers are vaginal bleeding or discharge not related to periods, postmenopausal vaginal bleeding, burning sensation while passing urine, and pain.
Once the patient presents with above complaints to the gynecologist or surgical oncologist, a thorough evaluation is done, which includes, the examination of the cervical region. This evaluation is usually followed by endometrial biopsy or a dilatation and curettage. The specimen is sent for examination under a microscope called a histopathological examination. After confirmation of cancer, staging is done to see the extent of the spread of cancer. This staging procedure is usually done using, sonography, or CT scan, or MRI scan or a PET CT scan.
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Treatment
Treatment is generally based on the stage of the disease. It usually includes Surgery, Radiation therapy and chemotherapy. It might be a combination or as a single modality of treatment.
At Cancer Therapy India, our team of the best uterus cancer specialist in Bangalore uses the latest and cutting-edge diagnostic techniques as well as their wide knowledge to diagnose a number of uterine-related issues.
Surgery
Surgery is one of the primary modality of treatment in endometrial cancers. It involves removal of the endometrium along with the fallopian tubes, ovaries, surrounding structures and the lymph nodes. For a very early stage, when a complete surgery is done, no further treatment is required. As the stage advances, surgery is usually followed by radiation with or without chemotherapy. When surgery is not possible, radiation and chemotherapy are given first, later followed by surgery.
Radiation Therapy and Brachytherapy
External radiation is usually given after completion of the surgery if there are high-risk features. External radiation (EBRT) spans over 5 to 6 weeks. EBRT is usually followed by internal radiation or brachytherapy.
Chemotherapy/ Targeted Therapy/ Immunotherapy/ Hormonal Therapy
Chemotherapy is usually given in advanced stage after surgery is performed. It is given for one day and repeated every three weeks. Total of 4 to 6 cycles is given after surgery. Chemotherapy is followed by radiation therapy. In certain conditions, when surgery is not possible, chemotherapy is given along with radiation to reduce the tumor size so that it becomes operable.
When the disease is spread to various parts of the body (metastasis), then chemotherapy with or without targeted therapy is a treatment option. With the advent of Immunotherapy, it can be given alone or be added to chemotherapy and targeted therapy, when indicated. Hormonal therapy is also considered in certain situations.
